纳米材料赋能染料敏化太阳能电池

时间: 2024-09-24
作者: 百灵威
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纳米材料赋能染料敏化太阳能电池-百灵威
    染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)设备的最高效率超过13%[1],是当今较受关注的一类太阳能电池。它具有工艺简单、成本低廉等优点,其用作染料敏化剂的染料可以从各种自然资源中提取,原料成本低且对环境无污染,符合当前环境友好型器件的要求。由于DSSCs对环境污染物不敏感,对加工环境温度也没有特殊要求,因此很适合在柔性基板上连续地卷对卷印刷生产。此外,DSSCs能有效地利用漫反射,即使在较黑暗的环境中也能工作得很好,在黎明和黄昏或阴天也能保证较高的工作效率,这使得DSSCs成为室内应用的极佳选择,例如安装在窗户和天窗上来满足室内供电[2]
    染料敏化电池(DSSCs)是一种光电化学装置,由染料敏化的光阳极、涂有铂或其他材料的对电极(CE)和夹在阴阳两极之间的电解质组成三明治结构[3]。纳米材料主要被应用于光阳极和对电极两个部分中。
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    其中,DSSCs的光阳极是由基底、导电层、半导体层和其上吸附的染料组成,具有吸附染料和收集并传输光生电子的功能[4],因此,光阳极决定了光电流密度,其中光阳极所用的半导体材料在DSSCs中起到了关键作用。
    光阳极纳米材料有:
品名 CAS 货号
Titanium(IV) oxide, 99.9%, rutile
二氧化钛(IV)
1317-80-2 948568
Mesoporous TiO2 microspheres, diam:600-2500 nm,SSA:80-157 m2/g,pore size: 4.0-12 nm,pore volume:0.2-0.56 cm3/g
介孔二氧化钛亚微米球
/ 2748683
Titanium(IV) oxide nanopowder, 99.9%, anatase, particle size: 10 - 25 nm, SSA: 30 m²/g
纳米二氧化钛(IV)
13463-67-7 931313
Titanium(IV) oxide nanopowder, 99%, particle size: 20 nm, SSA: 30 m²/g
纳米二氧化钛(IV)
13463-67-7 945209
Gold Nanoparticles (100nm diameter, 1 OD, stabilized suspension in phosphate-buffered saline) reactant free
金纳米粒子
7440-57-5 79-0206
Gold Gemini Nanorods, CTAB Free (Wavelength 650 nm)
金纳米棒
7440-57-5 79-7010
Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 3.74 nm, diam.: 0.5-3μm, layers: <1
石墨烯
1034343-98-0 966627
Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 1 - 3 nm, layers: <3, size: >50 μm
石墨烯
1034343-98-0 953031
Graphene quantum dots, 1 mg/mL dispersion in water, fluorescence: λem 520 nm
石墨烯量子点
1034343-98-0 998621
Graphene oxide, 99%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 1.2 nm, diam.: 0.5 - 3 μm, layers: <3
氧化石墨烯
1034343-98-0 934143
Tin(IV) oxide, 3 - 6 nm, 2.5% organic solvent dispersion
二氧化锡(IV)
18282-10-5 926676
Tin(IV) oxide, 3 - 6 nm, 3% organic solvent dispersion
二氧化锡(IV)
18282-10-5 908545
Tin(IV) oxide, 3 - 6 nm, 5% in H2O colloidal dispersion
二氧化锡(IV)
18282-10-5 911753
Tin(IV) oxide, 99.5%, 30 - 80 nm
二氧化锡(IV)
18282-10-5 139476
    众多研究工作已经探索了使用金属纳米颗粒、合金纳米颗粒、碳材料、过渡金属化合物、导电聚合物等作为对电极的替代材料,以降低成本和提高电池的稳定性[5]
    对电极纳米材料种类齐全、纯度高、导电性好,具体如下:
品名 CAS 货号
Platinum nanoparticles, 20% on carbon black (surfactant and reactant-free)
铂黑,20%炭黑(表面活性剂和无反应物)
7440-06-4 78-3032
Cubic Ia3d mesoporous carbon, 99.6%, SSA: 500 m2/g, pore size: 3.2-6.6 nm, pore volume: 0.75-1.1 cm3/g
立方Ia3d介孔碳
7440-44-0 977413
Ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3, SSA: ≥800 m2/g, pore size: 5 - 7 nm, pore volume: 1.0 - 1.5 cm3/g
有序介孔碳CMK-3
7440-44-0 926976
Disordered mesoporous carbon, SSA: 1300 - 1500 m2/g, pore size: 5 - 10 nm, pore volume: 2 - 2.5 cm3/g
无序介孔碳
7440-44-0 980671
Carbon nanotubes, single-walled, 95%, reagent grade, diam.: <2 nm, length: 1 - 3 μm
碳纳米管, 单壁式
308068-56-6 977980
Carbon nanotubes, single-walled, 95%, reagent grade, diam.: <2 nm, length: 5 - 30 μm, SSA: 690 m2/g
碳纳米管, 单壁式
308068-56-6 924191
Carbon nanotubes, multi-walled, 99.9%, reagent grade, inner diam.: 3 - 5 nm, outer diam.: 8 - 15 nm, length: 10 - 50 μm
碳纳米管, 多壁式
308068-56-6 983835
Carbon nanotubes, multi-walled, 99.9%, outer diam.: 30-80 nm, length: <10 μm, specific surface area: ≥60 m2/g
碳纳米管, 多壁式
308068-56-6 921389
Carbon nanotubes, multi-walled, as produced cathode deposit
炭黑
308068-56-6 06-0504
Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 3.74 nm, diam.: 0.5-3μm, layers: <1
石墨烯
1034343-98-0 966627
Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 1 - 3 nm, layers: <3, size: >50 μm
石墨烯
1034343-98-0 953031
Graphene quantum dots, 1 mg/mL dispersion in water, fluorescence: λem 520 nm
石墨烯量子点
1034343-98-0 998621
Graphene oxide, 99%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 1.2 nm, diam.: 0.5 - 3 μm, layers: <3
氧化石墨烯
1034343-98-0 934143
Mesoporous silica microspheres, shell thickness 20 nm, 10%(w/v) dispersion in water, diam.: 150 - 250 nm, SSA:80 m2/g,pore size: 2-5 nm
介孔二氧化硅微球壳层厚度 20 nm
7631-86-9 929676
Mesoporous silica microspheres, shell thickness 20 nm, 2.5%(w/v)dispersion in water, diam.:150 - 250 nm, SSA:80 m2/g, pore size: 2-5 nm
介孔二氧化硅微球壳层厚度 20 nm
7631-86-9 999121
Mesoporous silica microspheres, shell thickness 60 nm, 10%(w/v) dispersion in water,diam.: 250 - 350nm, SSA: 260 m2/g,pore size: 2-5 nm
介孔二氧化硅微球壳层厚度 60 nm
7631-86-9 943119
Nitrogen doped graphene, 98%, SSA: 100 - 300 m2/g, layers:≤3
氮掺杂石墨烯
1034343-98-0 900324
氮掺杂石墨烯量子点 厚度:1-6nm 横向尺寸:<10nm
氮掺杂石墨烯量子点 厚度:1-6nm 横向尺寸:<10nm
7440-44-0 102411
氮掺杂石墨烯海绵(泡沫,气凝胶) 尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2.5cm
氮掺杂石墨烯海绵(泡沫,气凝胶) 尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2.5cm
7440-44-0 102817
硼掺杂石墨烯量子点溶液 浓度:10mg/ml 溶剂:水
硼掺杂石墨烯量子点溶液 浓度:10mg/ml 溶剂:水
7440-44-0 103877
硼掺杂石墨烯海绵(泡沫、气凝胶) 尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2cm
硼掺杂石墨烯海绵(泡沫、气凝胶) 尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2cm
7440-44-0 103015
硫掺杂石墨烯海绵(气凝胶) 尺寸:直径~1cm,高~2cm
硫掺杂石墨烯海绵(气凝胶) 尺寸:直径~1cm,高~2cm
7440-44-0 102600
碳化钨
碳化钨
12070-12-1 778346
碳化钨纳米颗粒 粒径:100-700nm
碳化钨纳米颗粒 粒径:100-700nm
12070-12-1 103817
氮化钛
氮化钛
25583-20-4 595063
其他通用材料
    染料
品名 CAS 货号
Bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II), 95%
双(异硫氰酸)双(2,2'-二吡啶基-4,4'-二甲酸)钌(II)
141460-19-7 909264
Bis(isothiocyanato)(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)(4,4'-dinonyl-2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II), 95%
双(异硫氰酸)(2,2'-二吡啶基-4,4'-二甲酸)(4,4'-二壬基-2,2'-二吡啶基)钌(II)
502693-09-6 986744
YD2
YD2
1201915-91-4 Y0011
Bis(tetrabutylammonium) Dihydrogen Bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II)
双(四丁基铵)二氢双(异硫氰酸)双(2,2'-二吡啶基-4,4'-二甲酸)钌(II)
207347-46-4 B3514
    电解质材料
品名 CAS 货号
Silver hexafluoroantimonate, 98%
六氟锑酸银
26042-64-8 990535
Tetrabutylammonium iodide, 99%
四丁基碘化铵
311-28-4 183969
Tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate
四正丁基六氟磷酸铵
3109-63-5 283559
Tetraethylammonium iodide, 98%
四乙基碘化铵
68-05-3 277169
Ethyltrimethylammonium Iodide, 98%
乙基三甲基碘化铵
51-93-4 322625
Isopropyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, 98%
异丙基三苯基碘化鏻
24470-78-8 961366
Methyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, 98%
甲基三苯基碘化鏻
2065-66-9 148495
Tributylmethylphosphonium iodide, 98%
三丁基甲基碘化鏻
1702-42-7 195604
Tetrahexylammonium iodide, 98%
四正己基碘化铵
2138-24-1 334491
Trimethylsulfonium iodide, 98%
三甲基碘化锍
2181-42-2 183238
Tetraphenylphosphonium iodide, 98%
四苯基碘化磷
2065-67-0 906892
Tetramethylammonium iodide, 99%
四甲基碘化铵
75-58-1 403619
Tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, 99%, electronic grade
四丁基高氯酸铵
1923-70-2 969396
    导电基板
品名 CAS 货号
FTO glass, L × W × thickness 15 mm × 15 mm × 2.2 mm, surface resistivity 12-14 ω/sq, transmittance: 88%-90%, 1 ea=36 pcs
FTO 导电玻璃
/ 9250409
FTO glass, L × W × thickness 15 mm × 15 mm × 2.2 mm, surface resistivity 6-8 ω/sq, transmittance: 81%-83%, 1 ea=36 pcs
FTO 导电玻璃
/ 9250408
ITO glass, L × W × thickness 15 mm × 15 mm × 1.1 mm, surface resistivity 7~9ω/sq, transmittance: ≥91%, 1 ea=36 pcs
ITO 导电玻璃
/ 9250414
    参考文献:
    [1] MATHEW S, YELLA A, GAO P, et al. Dye-sensitized solar cells with 13% efficiency achieved through the molecular engineering of porphyrin sensitizers[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2014, 6(3): 242-247. DOI:10.1038/nchem.1861.
    [2] GONG J W, SUMATHY K, QIAO Q Q, et al. Review on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): advanced techniques and research trends[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 68: 234-246. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.097.
    [3]王锐,朵永超,张曙林,等.基于掺杂的染料敏化电池光阳极性能的研究进展[J].现代化工,2024,44(S1):87-94.DOI:10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2024.S1.017.
    [4] Vittal R, Ho K C. Zinc oxide based dye-sensitized solar cells: A review [J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 70(APR.): 920-935.
    [5] 杨滨霞.激光诱导杂原子掺杂石墨烯的制备及在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用[D].沈阳师范大学,2024.
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